Seven Little Australians
Seven
Little Australians is a
classic Australian children's literature novel by Ethel
Turner, published in 1894. Set mainly in Sydney in the 1880s, it relates the adventures of the seven
mischievous Woolcot children, their stern army father Captain Woolcot, and
flighty stepmother Esther.
Turner
wrote the novel in 1893 while living at Inglewood in what was then rural Lindfield (now Woodlands, Killara, New South Wales), having moved there from the inner city suburb of Paddington in 1891. The suburban bushland surroundings quickly became
important in Turner's stories. On her 21st birthday, Ethel wrote in her diary,
'Seven L. Aust. – sketched it out.' (24 January 1893)[1] In 1994 the novel was the only book by an Australian author
to have been continuously in print for 100 years.[2] The book's original handwritten manuscript is held by the State Library of NSW.[1] The full text of the manuscript has been digitized and can
be viewed on the Library's website. The original title of the novel, as written
by Turner, was 'Seven Pickles'.[3]
It
has been extensively adapted for other media, including as a film, two
different television mini-series, various stage plays and a stage musical.
Characters
The
book's protagonists are the seven Woolcot children, from oldest to youngest:
- Meg (real name Margaret), 16: naive, romantic, eldest (but immature) sister and sometime surrogate mother to the younger children.
- Pip (real name Philip), 14: eldest brother, handsome, intelligent but badly-behaved.
- Judy (real name Helen), 13: imaginative and lively, Pip's partner-in-crime, often leads the others into mischief.
- Nell (real name Elinor), 10: beautiful, slightly wistful child.
- Bunty (real name John), 6: described as 'fat and very lazy'. Bunty is also very selfish and annoying
- Baby (real name Winifred), 4: the most well-behaved of the lot, was only a baby when her mother died.
- 'The General' (real name Francis Rupert Burnand), the baby; only natural child of Esther, who is stepmother to the other children.
Plot summary
The
seven children of the title live in 1880s Sydney with their father, an army
Captain who has little understanding of his children, and their 20-year-old
stepmother Esther, who can exert little discipline on them. Accordingly, they
wreak havoc wherever possible, for example by interrupting their parents while
they entertain guests and asking for some of their dinner (implying to the
guests that the children's own dinner is inadequate).
After
a prank by Judy and Pip embarrasses Captain Woolcot at his military barracks,
he orders that ringleader Judy be sent away to boarding school in the Blue Mountains.
Meg
comes under the influence of an older girl, Aldith, and tries to improve her
appearance according to the fashions of the day. She and Aldith make the
acquaintance of two young men, but Meg believes she has fallen in love with the
older brother of one, Alan. When Aldith and Meg arrange to meet the young men
for a walk, Meg is embarrassed after a note goes astray and Alan comes to the
meeting instead and reproaches her for becoming 'spoilt', rather than remaining
the sweet young girl she was. Meg returns home and later faints, having
tight-laced her waist under pressure from Aldith until it affects her health.
Unhappy
at being away from her siblings, Judy runs away from school, returns home, and
hides in the barn. Despite her ill-health as a result of walking for several
days to get home, the other children conceal her presence from their father,
but he discovers her. He plans to send her back to school, but when the doctor
reports she has pneumonia and is at risk of tuberculosis, she is allowed to
remain at home.
To
assist Judy's recuperation, Esther's parents invite her and the children to
their sheep station Yarrahappini. One day the children go on a picnic far away
from the property. A ringbarked tree falls and threatens to crush 'the
General', the youngest sibling and Esther's own child. Judy, who promised 'on
her life' not to allow him to be harmed on the picnic, rushes to catch him and
her body protects him from the tree. However her back is broken and she dies
before help can be fetched.
After
burying Judy on the property, the family returns home to Sydney sobered by her death.
While ostensibly things remain the same, each character is slightly changed by
their experience. In particular Captain Woolcot regrets the fact that he never
really understood Judy and tries to treasure his remaining children a little
more, though he shows it very little more than before.
1894 Edition: Tettawonga's Lost Story
There
is an Aboriginal narrative of significant interest in the original edition that
was omitted in all editions from its first republication in 1897 until its
centenary edition in 1994.[4]
The
Woolcot children, while holidaying at the cattle station, listen to Mr Gillet
telling an Aboriginal story he "got at second-hand" from Tettawonga,
the station's Aboriginal stockman.
"'Once
upon a time' (Judy sniffed at the old-fashioned beginning), 'once upon a time,'
said Mr. Gillet, 'when this young land was still younger, and incomparably more
beautiful, when Tettawonga's ancestors were brave and strong and happy as
careless children, when their worst nightmare had never shown them so evil a
time as the white man would bring their race, when--' 'Oh, get on! muttered Pip
impatiently. 'Well,' said Mr Gillet, 'when, in short, an early Golden Age wrapped
the land in its sunshine, a young kukuburra and its mate spread their wings and
set off towards the purple mountains beyond the gum trees..."[5]
Clare
Bradford suggested in her book Reading Race "The main effect of the
omission of Tettawonga's story is...to achieve a less problematic version of
the Australian past than the one which prevails in the book's first
edition."[6]
Follow-up Books
Ethel
Turner wrote three more books featuring the Woolcot family.
- The Family at Misrule tells the story of the family five years on, including new baby girl Esther.
- Judy and Punch describes Judy's experiences at boarding school, including meeting a boy named Punch while they are both on the train to school.
- Little Mother Meg describes Meg becoming a mother and raising her own children; and Peter (the General) and Essie (baby Esther) going on an adventure when they explore their neighbours' garden through a hole in the fence.
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
The
first film
adaptation of this novel was made
in 1939, directed by Arthur Greville Collins.[2][8] The film was shot in Sydney at the Commonwealth Film
Laboratories and around Camden, New South Wales.[2]
The
book was made into a 10 episode
television series in 1973 by the Australian
Broadcasting Corporation,[10][11] which was largely faithful to the book. Differences include
the fact that Judy was thin and waiflike in the book, she is more solidly built
in the series. Meg's hair was long and dark, but in the book her hair is long
and blonde. The series has been released on a 2-disc region 4
DVD set in Australia. Music for the television miniseries was composed by Bruce
Smeaton.[2]
A
musical theatre
adaptation ran in Melbourne and Sydney from
1988.[2] It is now a popular production for local musical societies
and high schools to perform.
An
acclaimed site-specific stage adaptation by playwright Julia Britton and
directed by Robert Chuter, was produced at the National Trust historic property
– Rippon Lea from 26 December 1997 – 26 January 1998.
A
new play in two acts was written by Anne Scott-Pendlebury. It was directed by
C.A Duff, produced by The Wangaratta Players Inc and premiered at the
Wangaratta Performing Arts Centre as part of the WPAC Opening Festival and
Wangaratta City Golden Jubilee Celebrations. This production also featured
musical interludes of Miriam Hyde's music played by local children.
Chapter List
- Chiefly Descriptive
- Fowl for Dinner
- Virtue Not Always Rewarded
- The General Sees Active Service
- "Next Monday Morning"
- The Sweetness of Sweet Sixteen
- "What Say You to Falling in Love?"
- A Catapult and a Catastrophe
- Consequences
- Bunty in the Light of a Hero
- The Truant
- Swish, Swish!
- At Thy Last
- Uninvited Guests
- The Squatter's Invitation
- Three Hundred Miles in the Train
- Yarrahappini
- Cattle-Drafting at Yarrahappini
- The Picnic at Krangi-Bahtoo
- A Pale-Blue Hair Ribbon
- Little Judy
- When the Sun Went Down
- And Last
Audiobook adaptations
- "Seven Little Australians" (2009 Audio Book) Published by Kalliope Audiobooks, narrated by Drew deCarvalho, directed by Roy Yokelson of Antland Productions
- "Seven Little Australians" (2009 digital talking book) DAISY digital talking book produced by the Association for the Blind of Western Australia [1]
References
· "Artists
– Ethel Turner". Discover Collections. State Library of NSW.
Retrieved 20 February 2013.
· · "Seven
Little Australians by Ethel Turner" (pdf of booklet (8.93MB)). Australian National Film and
Sound Archive. Retrieved 25 June 2008.
· · "Turner,
Ethel, 1870–1958".
Manuscripts, Oral History and Pictures catalogue. State Library of NSW.
Retrieved 20 February 2013.
· · McVitty, Walter.
"Ethel Turner's Seven Little Australians. 1997, p.7
·
Turner, Ethel, Seven Little Australians, Ward Lock, London, 1984, pp203.
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